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Chapter 1
arjunavishadayoga · 47 verses
धृतराष्ट्र उवाच धर्मक्षेत्रे कुरुक्षेत्रे समवेता युयुत्सवः। मामकाः पाण्डवाश्चैव किमकुर्वत सञ्जय৷৷
dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca dharmakṣētrē kurukṣētrē samavētā yuyutsavaḥ. māmakāḥ pāṇḍavāścaiva kimakurvata sañjaya৷৷
The King Dhritarashtra asked: "O Sanjaya! What happened on the sacred battlefield of Kurukshetra, when my people gathered against the Pandavas?"
सञ्जय उवाच दृष्ट्वा तु पाण्डवानीकं व्यूढं दुर्योधनस्तदा। आचार्यमुपसङ्गम्य राजा वचनमब्रवीत्৷৷
sañjaya uvāca dṛṣṭvā tu pāṇḍavānīkaṅ vyūḍhaṅ duryōdhanastadā. ācāryamupasaṅgamya rājā vacanamabravīt৷৷
Sanjaya replied: "The Prince Duryodhana, when he saw the army of the Pandavas paraded, approached his preceptor Guru Drona and spoke as follows:
पश्यैतां पाण्डुपुत्राणामाचार्य महतीं चमूम्। व्यूढां द्रुपदपुत्रेण तव शिष्येण धीमता৷৷
paśyaitāṅ pāṇḍuputrāṇāmācārya mahatīṅ camūm. vyūḍhāṅ drupadaputrēṇa tava śiṣyēṇa dhīmatā৷৷
Revered Father! Behold this mighty host of the Pandavas, paraded by the son of King Drupada, thy wise disciple.
अत्र शूरा महेष्वासा भीमार्जुनसमा युधि। युयुधानो विराटश्च द्रुपदश्च महारथः৷৷ धृष्टकेतुश्चेकितानः काशिराजश्च वीर्यवान्। पुरुजित्कुन्तिभोजश्च शैब्यश्च नरपुङ्गवः৷৷ युधामन्युश्च विक्रान्त उत्तमौजाश्च वीर्यवान्। सौभद्रो द्रौपदेयाश्च सर्व एव महारथाः৷৷
atra śūrā mahēṣvāsā bhīmārjunasamā yudhi. yuyudhānō virāṭaśca drupadaśca mahārathaḥ৷৷ dhṛṣṭakētuścēkitānaḥ kāśirājaśca vīryavān. purujitkuntibhōjaśca śaibyaśca narapuṅgavaḥ৷৷ yudhāmanyuśca vikrānta uttamaujāśca vīryavān. saubhadrō draupadēyāśca sarva ēva mahārathāḥ৷৷
In it are heroes and great bowmen; the equals in battle of Arjuna and Bheema, Yuyudhana, Virata and Drupada, great soldiers all;
Dhrishtaketu, Chekitan, the valiant King of Benares, Purujit, Kuntibhoja, Shaibya - a master over many;
Yudhamanyu, Uttamouja, Soubhadra and the sons of Droupadi, famous men.
अस्माकं तु विशिष्टा ये तान्निबोध द्विजोत्तम। नायका मम सैन्यस्य संज्ञार्थं तान्ब्रवीमि ते৷৷
asmākaṅ tu viśiṣṭā yē tānnibōdha dvijōttama. nāyakā mama sainyasya saṅjñārthaṅ tānbravīmi tē৷৷
Further, take note of all those captains who have ranged themselves on our side, O best of Spiritual Guides! The leaders of my army. I will name them for you.
भवान्भीष्मश्च कर्णश्च कृपश्च समितिञ्जयः। अश्वत्थामा विकर्णश्च सौमदत्तिस्तथैव च৷৷
bhavānbhīṣmaśca karṇaśca kṛpaśca samitiñjayaḥ. aśvatthātmā vikarṇaśca saumadattistathaiva ca৷৷
You come first; then Bheeshma, Karna, Kripa, great soldiers; Ashwaththama, Vikarna and the son of Somadhatta;
अन्ये च बहवः शूरा मदर्थे त्यक्तजीविताः। नानाशस्त्रप्रहरणाः सर्वे युद्धविशारदाः৷৷
anyē ca bahavaḥ śūrā madarthē tyaktajīvitāḥ. nānāśastrapraharaṇāḥ sarvē yuddhaviśāradāḥ৷৷
And many others, all ready to die for my sake; all armed, all skilled in war.
अपर्याप्तं तदस्माकं बलं भीष्माभिरक्षितम्। पर्याप्तं त्विदमेतेषां बलं भीमाभिरक्षितम्৷৷
aparyāptaṅ tadasmākaṅ balaṅ bhīṣmābhirakṣitam. paryāptaṅ tvidamētēṣāṅ balaṅ bhīmābhirakṣitam৷৷
Yet our army seems the weaker, though commanded by Bheeshma; their army seems the stronger, though commanded by Bheema.
अयनेषु च सर्वेषु यथाभागमवस्थिताः। भीष्ममेवाभिरक्षन्तु भवन्तः सर्व एव हि৷৷
ayanēṣu ca sarvēṣu yathābhāgamavasthitāḥ. bhīṣmamēvābhirakṣantu bhavantaḥ sarva ēva hi৷৷
Therefore in the rank and file, let stand firm in their posts, according to battalions; and all you generals about Bheeshma.
तस्य संजनयन्हर्षं कुरुवृद्धः पितामहः। सिंहनादं विनद्योच्चैः शङ्खं दध्मौ प्रतापवान्৷৷
tasya saṅjanayanharṣaṅ kuruvṛddhaḥ pitāmahaḥ. siṅhanādaṅ vinadyōccaiḥ śaṅkhaṅ dadhmau pratāpavān৷৷
Then to enliven his spirits, the brave Grandfather Bheeshma, eldest of the Kuru-clan, blew his conch, till it sounded like a lion's roar.
ततः शङ्खाश्च भेर्यश्च पणवानकगोमुखाः। सहसैवाभ्यहन्यन्त स शब्दस्तुमुलोऽभवत्৷৷
tataḥ śaṅkhāśca bhēryaśca paṇavānakagōmukhāḥ. sahasaivābhyahanyanta sa śabdastumulō.bhavat৷৷
And immediately all the conches and drums, the trumpets and horns, blared forth in tumultuous uproar.
ततः श्वेतैर्हयैर्युक्ते महति स्यन्दने स्थितौ। माधवः पाण्डवश्चैव दिव्यौ शङ्खौ प्रदध्मतुः৷৷
tataḥ śvētairhayairyuktē mahati syandanē sthitau. mādhavaḥ pāṇḍavaścaiva divyau śaṅkhau pradadhmatuḥ৷৷
Then seated in their spacious war chariot, yoked with white horses, Lord Shri Krishna and Arjuna sounded their divine shells.
पाञ्चजन्यं हृषीकेशो देवदत्तं धनंजयः। पौण्ड्रं दध्मौ महाशङ्खं भीमकर्मा वृकोदरः৷৷
pāñcajanyaṅ hṛṣīkēśō dēvadattaṅ dhanaṅjayaḥ. pauṇḍraṅ dadhmau mahāśaṅkhaṅ bhīmakarmā vṛkōdaraḥ৷৷
Lord Shri Krishna blew his Panchajanya and Arjuna his Devadatta, brave Bheema his renowned shell, Poundra.
अनन्तविजयं राजा कुन्तीपुत्रो युधिष्ठिरः। नकुलः सहदेवश्च सुघोषमणिपुष्पकौ৷৷
anantavijayaṅ rājā kuntīputrō yudhiṣṭhiraḥ. nakulaḥ sahadēvaśca sughōṣamaṇipuṣpakau৷৷
The King Dharmaraja, the son of Kunti, blew the Anantavijaya, Nakalu and Sahadeo, the Sugosh and Manipushpaka, respectively.
काश्यश्च परमेष्वासः शिखण्डी च महारथः। धृष्टद्युम्नो विराटश्च सात्यकिश्चापराजितः৷৷ द्रुपदो द्रौपदेयाश्च सर्वशः पृथिवीपते। सौभद्रश्च महाबाहुः शङ्खान्दध्मुः पृथक्पृथक्৷৷
kāśyaśca paramēṣvāsaḥ śikhaṇḍī ca mahārathaḥ. dhṛṣṭadyumnō virāṭaśca sātyakiścāparājitaḥ৷৷ drupadō draupadēyāśca sarvaśaḥ pṛthivīpatē. saubhadraśca mahābāhuḥ śaṅkhāndadhmuḥ pṛthakpṛthak৷৷
And the Maharaja of Benares, the great archer, Shikhandi, the great soldier, Dhrishtayumna, Virata and Satyaki, the invincible,
And O King! Drupada, the sons of Droupadi and Soubhadra, the great soldier, blew their conches.
स घोषो धार्तराष्ट्राणां हृदयानि व्यदारयत्। नभश्च पृथिवीं चैव तुमुलो व्यनुनादयन्৷৷
sa ghōṣō dhārtarāṣṭrāṇāṅ hṛdayāni vyadārayat. nabhaśca pṛthivīṅ caiva tumulō vyanunādayan৷৷
The tumult rent the hearts of the sons of Dhritarashtra, and violently shook heaven and earth with its echo.
अथ व्यवस्थितान् दृष्ट्वा धार्तराष्ट्रान्कपिध्वजः। प्रवृत्ते शस्त्रसंपाते धनुरुद्यम्य पाण्डवः৷৷
atha vyavasthitān dṛṣṭvā dhārtarāṣṭrānkapidhvajaḥ. pravṛttē śastrasaṅpātē dhanurudyamya pāṇḍavaḥ৷৷
Then beholding the sons of Dhritarashtra, drawn up on the battle- field, ready to fight, Arjuna, whose flag bore the Hanuman,
अर्जुन उवाच हृषीकेशं तदा वाक्यमिदमाह महीपते। सेनयोरुभयोर्मध्ये रथं स्थापय मेऽच्युत৷৷ यावदेतान्निरीक्षेऽहं योद्धुकामानवस्थितान्। कैर्मया सह योद्धव्यमस्मिन्रणसमुद्यमे৷৷
arjuna uvāca hṛṣīkēśaṅ tadā vākyamidamāha mahīpatē. sēnayōrubhayōrmadhyē rathaṅ sthāpaya mē.cyuta৷৷ yāvadētānnirīkṣē.haṅ yōddhukāmānavasthitān. kairmayā saha yōddhavyamasminraṇasamudyamē৷৷
Raising his bow, spoke this to the Lord Shri Krishna: O Infallible! Lord of the earth! Please draw up my chariot betwixt the two armies,
So that I may observe those who must fight on my side, those who must fight against me;
योत्स्यमानानवेक्षेऽहं य एतेऽत्र समागताः। धार्तराष्ट्रस्य दुर्बुद्धेर्युद्धे प्रियचिकीर्षवः৷৷ संजय उवाच एवमुक्तो हृषीकेशो गुडाकेशेन भारत। सेनयोरुभयोर्मध्ये स्थापयित्वा रथोत्तमम्৷৷ भीष्मद्रोणप्रमुखतः सर्वेषां च महीक्षिताम्। उवाच पार्थ पश्यैतान्समवेतान्कुरूनिति৷৷
yōtsyamānānavēkṣē.haṅ ya ētē.tra samāgatāḥ. dhārtarāṣṭrasya durbuddhēryuddhē priyacikīrṣavaḥ৷৷ sañjaya uvāca ēvamuktō hṛṣīkēśō guḍākēśēna bhārata. sēnayōrubhayōrmadhyē sthāpayitvā rathōttamam৷৷ bhīṣmadrōṇapramukhataḥ sarvēṣāṅ ca mahīkṣitām. uvāca pārtha paśyaitānsamavētānkurūniti৷৷
And gaze over this array of soldiers, eager to please the sinful sons of Dhritarashtra."
Sanjaya said: "Having listened to the request of Arjuna, Lord Shri Krishna drew up His bright chariot exactly in the midst between the two armies,
Whither Bheeshma and Drona had led all the rulers of the earth, and spoke thus: O Arjuna! Behold these members of the family of Kuru assembled.
तत्रापश्यत्स्थितान्पार्थः पितृ़नथ पितामहान्। आचार्यान्मातुलान्भ्रातृ़न्पुत्रान्पौत्रान्सखींस्तथा৷৷
tatrāpaśyatsthitānpārthaḥ pitṛnatha pitāmahān. ācāryānmātulānbhrātṛnputrānpautrānsakhīṅstathā৷৷
There Arjuna noticed fathers, grandfathers, uncles, cousins, sons, grandsons, teachers, friends;
श्वशुरान्सुहृदश्चैव सेनयोरुभयोरपि। तान्समीक्ष्य स कौन्तेयः सर्वान्बन्धूनवस्थितान्৷৷
śvaśurānsuhṛdaścaiva sēnayōrubhayōrapi. tānsamīkṣya sa kauntēyaḥ sarvānbandhūnavasthitān৷৷
Fathers-in-law and benefactors, arrayed on both sides. Arjuna then gazed at all those kinsmen before him.
अर्जुन उवाच कृपया परयाऽऽविष्टो विषीदन्निदमब्रवीत्। दृष्ट्वेमं स्वजनं कृष्ण युयुत्सुं समुपस्थितम्৷৷ सीदन्ति मम गात्राणि मुखं च परिशुष्यति। वेपथुश्च शरीरे मे रोमहर्षश्च जायते৷৷ गाण्डीवं स्रंसते हस्तात्त्वक्चैव परिदह्यते। न च शक्नोम्यवस्थातुं भ्रमतीव च मे मनः৷৷
arjuna uvāca kṛpayā parayā৷৷viṣṭō viṣīdannidamabravīt. dṛṣṭvēmaṅ svajanaṅ kṛṣṇa yuyutsuṅ samupasthitam৷৷ sīdanti mama gātrāṇi mukhaṅ ca pariśuṣyati. vēpathuśca śarīrē mē rōmaharṣaśca jāyatē৷৷ gāṇḍīvaṅ sraṅsatē hastāttvakcaiva paridahyatē. na ca śaknōmyavasthātuṅ bhramatīva ca mē manaḥ৷৷
And his heart melted with pity and sadly he spoke: O my Lord! When I see all these, my own people, thirsting for battle,
My limbs fail me and my throat is parched, my body trembles and my hair stands on end.
The bow Gandeeva slips from my hand, and my skin burns. I cannot keep quiet, for my mind is in tumult.
निमित्तानि च पश्यामि विपरीतानि केशव। न च श्रेयोऽनुपश्यामि हत्वा स्वजनमाहवे৷৷
nimittāni ca paśyāmi viparītāni kēśava. na ca śrēyō.nupaśyāmi hatvā svajanamāhavē৷৷
The omens are adverse; what good can come from the slaughter of my people on this battlefield?
न काङ्क्षे विजयं कृष्ण न च राज्यं सुखानि च। किं नो राज्येन गोविन्द किं भोगैर्जीवितेन वा৷৷ येषामर्थे काङ्क्षितं नो राज्यं भोगाः सुखानि च। त इमेऽवस्थिता युद्धे प्राणांस्त्यक्त्वा धनानि च৷৷ आचार्याः पितरः पुत्रास्तथैव च पितामहाः। मातुलाः श्वशुराः पौत्राः श्यालाः सम्बन्धिनस्तथा৷৷ एतान्न हन्तुमिच्छामि घ्नतोऽपि मधुसूदन। अपि त्रैलोक्यराज्यस्य हेतोः किं नु महीकृते৷৷
na kāṅkṣē vijayaṅ kṛṣṇa na ca rājyaṅ sukhāni ca. kiṅ nō rājyēna gōvinda kiṅ bhōgairjīvitēna vā৷৷ yēṣāmarthē kāṅkṣitaṅ nō rājyaṅ bhōgāḥ sukhāni ca. ta imē.vasthitā yuddhē prāṇāṅstyaktvā dhanāni ca৷৷ ācāryāḥ pitaraḥ putrāstathaiva ca pitāmahāḥ. mātulāḥ ścaśurāḥ pautrāḥ śyālāḥ sambandhinastathā৷৷ ētānna hantumicchāmi ghnatō.pi madhusūdana. api trailōkyarājyasya hētōḥ kiṅ nu mahīkṛtē৷৷
Ah my Lord! I crave not for victory, nor for the kingdom, nor for any pleasure. What were a kingdom or happiness or life to me,
When those for whose sake I desire these things stand here about to sacrifice their property and their lives:
Teachers, fathers and grandfathers, sons and grandsons, uncles, father-in-law, brothers-in-law and other relatives.
I would not kill them, even for three worlds; why then for this poor earth? It matters not if I myself am killed.
निहत्य धार्तराष्ट्रान्नः का प्रीतिः स्याज्जनार्दन। पापमेवाश्रयेदस्मान्हत्वैतानाततायिनः৷৷
nihatya dhārtarāṣṭrānnaḥ kā prītiḥ syājjanārdana. pāpamēvāśrayēdasmānhatvaitānātatāyinaḥ৷৷
My Lord! What happiness can come from the death of these sons of Dhritarashtra? We shall sin if we kill these desperate men.
तस्मान्नार्हा वयं हन्तुं धार्तराष्ट्रान्स्वबान्धवान्। स्वजनं हि कथं हत्वा सुखिनः स्याम माधव৷৷
tasmānnārhā vayaṅ hantuṅ dhārtarāṣṭrānsvabāndhavān. svajanaṅ hi kathaṅ hatvā sukhinaḥ syāma mādhava৷৷
We are worthy of a nobler feat than to slaughter our relatives - the sons of Dhritarashtra; for, my Lord, how can we be happy of we kill our kinsmen?
यद्यप्येते न पश्यन्ति लोभोपहतचेतसः। कुलक्षयकृतं दोषं मित्रद्रोहे च पातकम्৷৷ कथं न ज्ञेयमस्माभिः पापादस्मान्निवर्तितुम्। कुलक्षयकृतं दोषं प्रपश्यद्भिर्जनार्दन৷৷
yadyapyētē na paśyanti lōbhōpahatacētasaḥ. kulakṣayakṛtaṅ dōṣaṅ mitradrōhē ca pātakam৷৷ kathaṅ na jñēyamasmābhiḥ pāpādasmānnivartitum. kulakṣayakṛtaṅ dōṣaṅ prapaśyadbhirjanārdana৷৷
Although these men, blinded by greed, see no guilt in destroying their kin, or fighting against their friends,
Should not we, whose eyes are open, who consider it to be wrong to annihilate our house, turn away from so great a crime?
कुलक्षये प्रणश्यन्ति कुलधर्माः सनातनाः। धर्मे नष्टे कुलं कृत्स्नमधर्मोऽभिभवत्युत৷৷
kulakṣayē praṇaśyanti kuladharmāḥ sanātanāḥ. dharmē naṣṭē kulaṅ kṛtsnamadharmō.bhibhavatyuta৷৷
The destruction of our kindred means the destruction of the traditions of our ancient lineage, and when these are lost, irreligion will overrun our homes.
अधर्माभिभवात्कृष्ण प्रदुष्यन्ति कुलस्त्रियः। स्त्रीषु दुष्टासु वार्ष्णेय जायते वर्णसङ्करः৷৷
adharmābhibhavātkṛṣṇa praduṣyanti kulastriyaḥ. strīṣu duṣṭāsu vārṣṇēya jāyatē varṇasaṅkaraḥ৷৷
When irreligion spreads, the women of the house begin to stray; when they lose their purity, adulteration of the stock follows.
सङ्करो नरकायैव कुलघ्नानां कुलस्य च। पतन्ति पितरो ह्येषां लुप्तपिण्डोदकक्रियाः৷৷
saṅkarō narakāyaiva kulaghnānāṅ kulasya ca. patanti pitarō hyēṣāṅ luptapiṇḍōdakakriyāḥ৷৷
Promiscuity ruins both the family and those who defile it; while the souls of our ancestors droop, through lack of the funeral cakes and ablutions.
दोषैरेतैः कुलघ्नानां वर्णसङ्करकारकैः। उत्साद्यन्ते जातिधर्माः कुलधर्माश्च शाश्वताः৷৷
dōṣairētaiḥ kulaghnānāṅ varṇasaṅkarakārakaiḥ. utsādyantē jātidharmāḥ kuladharmāśca śāśvatāḥ৷৷
By the destruction of our lineage and the pollution of blood, ancient class traditions and family purity alike perish.
उत्सन्नकुलधर्माणां मनुष्याणां जनार्दन। नरकेऽनियतं वासो भवतीत्यनुशुश्रुम৷৷
utsannakuladharmāṇāṅ manuṣyāṇāṅ janārdana. narakē.niyataṅ vāsō bhavatītyanuśuśruma৷৷
The wise say, my Lord, that they are forever lost, whose ancient traditions are lost.
अहो बत महत्पापं कर्तुं व्यवसिता वयम्। यद्राज्यसुखलोभेन हन्तुं स्वजनमुद्यताः৷৷
ahō bata mahatpāpaṅ kartuṅ vyavasitā vayam. yadrājyasukhalōbhēna hantuṅ svajanamudyatāḥ৷৷
Alas, it is strange that we should be willing to kill our own countrymen and commit a great sin, in order to enjoy the pleasures of a kingdom.
यदि मामप्रतीकारमशस्त्रं शस्त्रपाणयः। धार्तराष्ट्रा रणे हन्युस्तन्मे क्षेमतरं भवेत्৷৷
yadi māmapratīkāramaśastraṅ śastrapāṇayaḥ. dhārtarāṣṭrā raṇē hanyustanmē kṣēmataraṅ bhavēt৷৷
If, on the contrary, the sons of Dhritarashtra, with weapons in their hand, should slay me, unarmed and unresisting, surely that would be better for my welfare!"
सञ्जय उवाच एवमुक्त्वाऽर्जुनः संख्ये रथोपस्थ उपाविशत्। विसृज्य सशरं चापं शोकसंविग्नमानसः৷৷
sañjaya uvāca ēvamuktvā.rjunaḥ saṅkhyē rathōpastha upāviśat. visṛjya saśaraṅ cāpaṅ śōkasaṅvignamānasaḥ৷৷
Sanjaya said: "Having spoken thus, in the midst of the armies, Arjuna sank on the seat of the chariot, casting away his bow and arrow; heartbroken with grief."