Chapter 18, Verse 19

ज्ञानम् knowledge, कर्म action, च and, कर्ता actor, च and, त्रिधा of three kinds, एव only, गुणभेदतः according to the distinction of Gunas, प्रोच्यते are declared, गुणसंख्याने in the science of Gunas (Sankhya philosophy), यथावत् duly, श्रृणु hear, तानि them, अपि also. Commentary: The three alities overpower the whole of creation with their special nature and bring it entirely under their control. The nature of action, the actor and his knowledge are threefold according to the Gunas that is predominant. If all the three are Sattvic, then the action will not bind the man.Karta The doer of the actions.The science of the Gunas here referred to is Kapilas system of philosophy. Though the Sankhya system is opposed to Vedanta with reference to the Supreme Truth, viz., the oneness or nonduality of Brahman, yet it is an authority on the science of the Gunas.I shall describe knowledge, action and actor, as also their various distinctions caused by different Gunas, scientifically and rationally. Hear My teachings, O Arjuna, with rapt attention. You will be immensely benefited.