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Chapter 13
kshetrakshetravibhagayoga · 35 verses
अर्जुन उवाच प्रकृतिं पुरुषं चैव क्षेत्रं क्षेत्रज्ञमेव च। एतद्वेदितुमिच्छामि ज्ञानं ज्ञेयं च केशव৷৷
arjuna uvāca prakṛtiṅ puruṣaṅ caiva kṣētraṅ kṣētrajñamēva ca. ētadvēditumicchāmi jñānaṅ jñēyaṅ ca kēśava৷৷
"Arjuna asked: My Lord! Who is God and what is Nature; what is Matter and what is the Self; what is that they call Wisdom, and what is it that is worth knowing? I wish to have this explained.
श्री भगवानुवाच इदं शरीरं कौन्तेय क्षेत्रमित्यभिधीयते। एतद्यो वेत्ति तं प्राहुः क्षेत्रज्ञ इति तद्विदः৷৷
śrī bhagavānuvāca idaṅ śarīraṅ kauntēya kṣētramityabhidhīyatē. ētadyō vētti taṅ prāhuḥ kṣētrajña iti tadvidaḥ৷৷
Lord Shri Krishna replied: O Arjuna! The body of man is the playground of the Self; and That which knows the activities of Matter, sages call the Self.
क्षेत्रज्ञं चापि मां विद्धि सर्वक्षेत्रेषु भारत। क्षेत्रक्षेत्रज्ञयोर्ज्ञानं यत्तज्ज्ञानं मतं मम৷৷
kṣētrajñaṅ cāpi māṅ viddhi sarvakṣētrēṣu bhārata. kṣētrakṣētrajñayōrjñānaṅ yattajjñānaṅ mataṅ mama৷৷
I am the Omniscient self that abides in the playground of Matter; knowledge of Matter and of the all-knowing Self is wisdom.
तत्क्षेत्रं यच्च यादृक् च यद्विकारि यतश्च यत्। स च यो यत्प्रभावश्च तत्समासेन मे श्रृणु৷৷
tatkṣētraṅ yacca yādṛk ca yadvikāri yataśca yat. sa ca yō yatprabhāvaśca tatsamāsēna mē śrṛṇu৷৷
What is called Matter, of what it is composed, whence it came, and why it changes, what the Self is, and what Its power - this I will now briefly set forth.
ऋषिभिर्बहुधा गीतं छन्दोभिर्विविधैः पृथक्। ब्रह्मसूत्रपदैश्चैव हेतुमद्भिर्विनिश्िचतैः৷৷
ṛṣibhirbahudhā gītaṅ chandōbhirvividhaiḥ pṛthak. brahmasūtrapadaiścaiva hētumadbhirviniśicataiḥ৷৷
Seers have sung of It in various ways, in many hymns and sacred Vedic songs, weighty in thought and convincing in argument.
महाभूतान्यहङ्कारो बुद्धिरव्यक्तमेव च। इन्द्रियाणि दशैकं च पञ्च चेन्द्रियगोचराः৷৷
mahābhūtānyahaṅkārō buddhiravyaktamēva ca. indriyāṇi daśaikaṅ ca pañca cēndriyagōcarāḥ৷৷
The five great fundamentals (earth, fire, air, water and ether), personality, intellect, the mysterious life force, the ten organs of perception and action, the mind and the five domains of sensation;
इच्छा द्वेषः सुखं दुःखं सङ्घातश्चेतनाधृतिः। एतत्क्षेत्रं समासेन सविकारमुदाहृतम्৷৷
icchā dvēṣaḥ sukhaṅ duḥkhaṅ saṅghātaścētanādhṛtiḥ. ētatkṣētraṅ samāsēna savikāramudāhṛtam৷৷
Desire, aversion, pleasure, pain, sympathy, vitality and the persistent clinging to life, these are in brief the constituents of changing Matter.
अमानित्वमदम्भित्वमहिंसा क्षान्तिरार्जवम्। आचार्योपासनं शौचं स्थैर्यमात्मविनिग्रहः৷৷
amānitvamadambhitvamahiṅsā kṣāntirārjavam. ācāryōpāsanaṅ śaucaṅ sthairyamātmavinigrahaḥ৷৷
Humility, sincerity, harmlessness, forgiveness, rectitude, service of the Master, purity, steadfastness, self-control;
इन्द्रियार्थेषु वैराग्यमनहङ्कार एव च। जन्ममृत्युजराव्याधिदुःखदोषानुदर्शनम्৷৷
indriyārthēṣu vairāgyamanahaṅkāra ēva ca. janmamṛtyujarāvyādhiduḥkhadōṣānudarśanam৷৷
Renunciation of the delights of sense, absence of pride, right understanding of the painful problem of birth and death, of age and sickness;
असक्ितरनभिष्वङ्गः पुत्रदारगृहादिषु। नित्यं च समचित्तत्वमिष्टानिष्टोपपत्तिषु৷৷
asakitaranabhiṣvaṅgaḥ putradāragṛhādiṣu. nityaṅ ca samacittatvamiṣṭāniṣṭōpapattiṣu৷৷
Indifference, non-attachment to sex, progeny or home, equanimity in good fortune and in bad;
मयि चानन्ययोगेन भक्ितरव्यभिचारिणी। विविक्तदेशसेवित्वमरतिर्जनसंसदि৷৷
mayi cānanyayōgēna bhakitaravyabhicāriṇī. viviktadēśasēvitvamaratirjanasaṅsadi৷৷
Unswerving devotion to Me, by concentration on Me and Me alone, a love for solitude, indifference to social life;
अध्यात्मज्ञाननित्यत्वं तत्त्वज्ञानार्थदर्शनम्। एतज्ज्ञानमिति प्रोक्तमज्ञानं यदतोन्यथा৷৷
adhyātmajñānanityatvaṅ tattvajñānārthadarśanam. ētajjñānamiti prōktamajñānaṅ yadatōnyathā৷৷
Constant yearning for the knowledge of Self, and pondering over the lessons of the great Truth - this is Wisdom, all else ignorance.
ज्ञेयं यत्तत्प्रवक्ष्यामि यज्ज्ञात्वाऽमृतमश्नुते। अनादिमत्परं ब्रह्म न सत्तन्नासदुच्यते৷৷
jñēyaṅ yattatpravakṣyāmi yajjñātvā.mṛtamaśnutē. anādimatparaṅ brahma na sattannāsaducyatē৷৷
I will speak to thee now of that great Truth which man ought to know, since by its means he will win immortal bliss - that which is without beginning, the Eternal Spirit which dwells in Me, neither with form, nor yet without it.
सर्वतः पाणिपादं तत्सर्वतोऽक्षिशिरोमुखम्। सर्वतः श्रुतिमल्लोके सर्वमावृत्य तिष्ठति৷৷
sarvataḥ pāṇipādaṅ tatsarvatō.kṣiśirōmukham. sarvataḥ śrutimallōkē sarvamāvṛtya tiṣṭhati৷৷
Everywhere are Its hands and Its feet; everywhere It has eyes that see, heads that think and mouths that speak; everywhere It listens; It dwells in all the worlds; It envelops them all.
सर्वेन्द्रियगुणाभासं सर्वेन्द्रियविवर्जितम्। असक्तं सर्वभृच्चैव निर्गुणं गुणभोक्तृ च৷৷
sarvēndriyaguṇābhāsaṅ sarvēndriyavivarjitam. asaktaṅ sarvabhṛccaiva nirguṇaṅ guṇabhōktṛ ca৷৷
Beyond the senses, It yet shines through every sense perception. Bound to nothing, It yet sustains everything. Unaffected by the Qualities, It still enjoys them all.
बहिरन्तश्च भूतानामचरं चरमेव च। सूक्ष्मत्वात्तदविज्ञेयं दूरस्थं चान्तिके च तत्৷৷
bahirantaśca bhūtānāmacaraṅ caramēva ca. sūkṣmatvāttadavijñēyaṅ dūrasthaṅ cāntikē ca tat৷৷
It is within all beings, yet outside; motionless yet moving; too subtle to be perceived; far away yet always near.
अविभक्तं च भूतेषु विभक्तमिव च स्थितम्। भूतभर्तृ च तज्ज्ञेयं ग्रसिष्णु प्रभविष्णु च৷৷
avibhaktaṅ ca bhūtēṣu vibhaktamiva ca sthitam. bhūtabhartṛ ca tajjñēyaṅ grasiṣṇu prabhaviṣṇu ca৷৷
In all beings undivided, yet living in division, It is the upholder of all, Creator and Destroyer alike;
ज्योतिषामपि तज्ज्योतिस्तमसः परमुच्यते। ज्ञानं ज्ञेयं ज्ञानगम्यं हृदि सर्वस्य विष्ठितम्৷৷
jyōtiṣāmapi tajjyōtistamasaḥ paramucyatē. jñānaṅ jñēyaṅ jñānagamyaṅ hṛdi sarvasya viṣṭhitam৷৷
It is the Light of lights, beyond the reach of darkness; the Wisdom, the only thing that is worth knowing or that wisdom can teach; the Presence in the hearts of all.
इति क्षेत्रं तथा ज्ञानं ज्ञेयं चोक्तं समासतः। मद्भक्त एतद्विज्ञाय मद्भावायोपपद्यते৷৷
iti kṣētraṅ tathā jñānaṅ jñēyaṅ cōktaṅ samāsataḥ. madbhakta ētadvijñāya madbhāvāyōpapadyatē৷৷
Thus I have told thee in brief what Matter is, and the Self worth realising and what is Wisdom. He who is devoted to Me knows; and assuredly he will enter into Me.
प्रकृतिं पुरुषं चैव विद्ध्यनादी उभावपि। विकारांश्च गुणांश्चैव विद्धि प्रकृतिसंभवान्৷৷
prakṛtiṅ puruṣaṅ caiva viddhyanādī ubhāvapi. vikārāṅśca guṇāṅścaiva viddhi prakṛtisaṅbhavān৷৷
Know thou further that Nature and God have no beginning; and that differences of character and quality have their origin in Nature only.
कार्यकारणकर्तृत्वे हेतुः प्रकृतिरुच्यते। पुरुषः सुखदुःखानां भोक्तृत्वे हेतुरुच्यते৷৷
kāryakāraṇakartṛtvē hētuḥ prakṛtirucyatē. puruṣaḥ sukhaduḥkhānāṅ bhōktṛtvē hēturucyatē৷৷
Nature is the Law which generates cause and effect; God is the source of the enjoyment of all pleasure and pain.
पुरुषः प्रकृतिस्थो हि भुङ्क्ते प्रकृतिजान्गुणान्। कारणं गुणसङ्गोऽस्य सदसद्योनिजन्मसु৷৷
puruṣaḥ prakṛtisthō hi bhuṅktē prakṛtijānguṇān. kāraṇaṅ guṇasaṅgō.sya sadasadyōnijanmasu৷৷
God dwelling in the heart of Nature experiences the Qualities which nature brings forth; and His affinity towards the Qualities is the reason for His living in a good or evil body.
उपद्रष्टाऽनुमन्ता च भर्ता भोक्ता महेश्वरः। परमात्मेति चाप्युक्तो देहेऽस्मिन्पुरुषः परः৷৷
upadraṣṭā.numantā ca bhartā bhōktā mahēśvaraḥ. paramātmēti cāpyuktō dēhē.sminpuruṣaḥ paraḥ৷৷
Thus in the body of man dwells the Supreme God; He who sees and permits, upholds and enjoys, the Highest God and the Highest Self.
य एवं वेत्ति पुरुषं प्रकृतिं च गुणैः सह। सर्वथा वर्तमानोऽपि न स भूयोऽभिजायते৷৷
ya ēvaṅ vētti puruṣaṅ prakṛtiṅ ca guṇaiḥsaha. sarvathā vartamānō.pi na sa bhūyō.bhijāyatē৷৷
He who understands God and Nature along with her qualities, whatever be his condition in life, he comes not again to earth.
ध्यानेनात्मनि पश्यन्ति केचिदात्मानमात्मना। अन्ये सांख्येन योगेन कर्मयोगेन चापरे৷৷
dhyānēnātmani paśyanti kēcidātmānamātmanā. anyē sāṅkhyēna yōgēna karmayōgēna cāparē৷৷
Some realise the Supreme by meditating, by its aid, on the Self within, others by pure reason, others by right action.
अन्ये त्वेवमजानन्तः श्रुत्वाऽन्येभ्य उपासते। तेऽपि चातितरन्त्येव मृत्युं श्रुतिपरायणाः৷৷
anyē tvēvamajānantaḥ śrutvā.nyēbhya upāsatē. tē.pi cātitarantyēva mṛtyuṅ śrutiparāyaṇāḥ৷৷
Others again, having no direct knowledge but only hearing from others, nevertheless worship, and they, too, if true to the teachings, cross the sea of death.
यावत्सञ्जायते किञ्चित्सत्त्वं स्थावरजङ्गमम्। क्षेत्रक्षेत्रज्ञसंयोगात्तद्विद्धि भरतर्षभ৷৷
yāvatsañjāyatē kiñcitsattvaṅ sthāvarajaṅgamam. kṣētrakṣētrajñasaṅyōgāttadviddhi bharatarṣabha৷৷
Wherever life is seen in things movable or immovable, it is the joint product of Matter and Spirit.
समं सर्वेषु भूतेषु तिष्ठन्तं परमेश्वरम्। विनश्यत्स्वविनश्यन्तं यः पश्यति स पश्यति৷৷
samaṅ sarvēṣu bhūtēṣu tiṣṭhantaṅ paramēśvaram. vinaśyatsvavinaśyantaṅ yaḥ paśyati sa paśyati৷৷
He who can see the Supreme Lord in all beings, the Imperishable amidst the perishable, he it is who really sees.
समं पश्यन्हि सर्वत्र समवस्थितमीश्वरम्। न हिनस्त्यात्मनाऽऽत्मानं ततो याति परां गतिम्৷৷
samaṅ paśyanhi sarvatra samavasthitamīśvaram. na hinastyātmanā৷৷tmānaṅ tatō yāti parāṅ gatim৷৷
Beholding the Lord in all things equally, his actions do not mar his spiritual life but lead him to the height of Bliss.
प्रकृत्यैव च कर्माणि क्रियमाणानि सर्वशः। यः पश्यति तथाऽऽत्मानमकर्तारं स पश्यति৷৷
prakṛtyaiva ca karmāṇi kriyamāṇāni sarvaśaḥ. yaḥ paśyati tathā৷৷tmānamakartāraṅ sa paśyati৷৷
He who understands that it is only the Law of Nature that brings action to fruition, and that the Self never acts, alone knows the Truth.
यदा भूतपृथग्भावमेकस्थमनुपश्यति। तत एव च विस्तारं ब्रह्म सम्पद्यते तदा৷৷
yadā bhūtapṛthagbhāvamēkasthamanupaśyati. tata ēva ca vistāraṅ brahma sampadyatē tadā৷৷
He who sees the diverse forms of life all rooted in One, and growing forth from Him, he shall indeed find the Absolute.
अनादित्वान्निर्गुणत्वात्परमात्मायमव्ययः। शरीरस्थोऽपि कौन्तेय न करोति न लिप्यते৷৷
anāditvānnirguṇatvātparamātmāyamavyayaḥ. śarīrasthō.pi kauntēya na karōti na lipyatē৷৷
The Supreme Spirit, O Prince, is without beginning, without Qualities and Imperishable, and though it be within the body, yet It does not act, nor is It affected by action.
यथा सर्वगतं सौक्ष्म्यादाकाशं नोपलिप्यते। सर्वत्रावस्थितो देहे तथाऽऽत्मा नोपलिप्यते৷৷
yathā sarvagataṅ saukṣmyādākāśaṅ nōpalipyatē. sarvatrāvasthitō dēhē tathā৷৷tmā nōpalipyatē৷৷
As space, though present everywhere, remains by reason of its subtlety unaffected, so the Self, though present in all forms, retains its purity unalloyed.
यथा प्रकाशयत्येकः कृत्स्नं लोकमिमं रविः। क्षेत्रं क्षेत्री तथा कृत्स्नं प्रकाशयति भारत৷৷
yathā prakāśayatyēkaḥ kṛtsnaṅ lōkamimaṅ raviḥ. kṣētraṅ kṣētrī tathā kṛtsnaṅ prakāśayati bhārata৷৷
As the one Sun illuminates the whole earth, so the Lord illumines the whole universe.
क्षेत्रक्षेत्रज्ञयोरेवमन्तरं ज्ञानचक्षुषा। भूतप्रकृतिमोक्षं च ये विदुर्यान्ति ते परम्৷৷
kṣētrakṣētrajñayōrēvamantaraṅ jñānacakṣuṣā. bhūtaprakṛtimōkṣaṅ ca yē viduryānti tē param৷৷
Those who with the eyes of wisdom thus see the difference between Matter and Spirit, and know how to liberate Life from the Law of Nature, they attain the Supreme."